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X-Ray showing toy in intestine

An intestinal blockage, or bowel obstruction, in dogs is when the intestines are partially or fully blocked, preventing solid foods and liquids from passing. This blockage disrupts the absorption of water and nutrients, which can quickly lead to dehydration and imbalanced electrolytes, essential minerals for body function. “Bowel obstruction” and “intestinal blockage” can be used interchangeably when referring to this condition in dogs.

Intestinal blockages can damage the intestines by exerting pressure on the intestinal wall, potentially leading to tissue death (necrosis) or rupture (perforation). A common cause of these blockages is foreign objects dogs ingest, like bones, balls, toys, rocks, clothing, fruit pits, tampons, and linear items like string or yarn. However, blockages can also be caused by intestinal tumors or masses, particularly in older dogs.

Other causes of gastrointestinal blockages in dogs may include:

  • Strictures (narrowing of the intestines, often due to scar tissue)
  • Adhesions (scar tissue from prior surgery)
  • Intussusception (when a section of the intestine slides into an adjacent section)
  • Severe intestinal parasite infestations
  • Hernias
  • Torsion (twisting of the intestines)
  • Severe inflammation of the small intestines

Diagnosing an Intestinal Blockage

If you suspect your dog has swallowed a foreign object, seek immediate veterinary care. Sometimes, inducing vomiting within 30 minutes to 2 hours of ingestion can prevent a blockage, but this should be done only by a vet. If your dog shows symptoms of an intestinal blockage, inducing vomiting might no longer be an option, and the vet will conduct a thorough examination. This includes palpating the abdomen to check for pain or masses, and often an abdominal X-ray is performed. If needed, an abdominal ultrasound can offer more detailed images, especially if a tumor, intussusception, or other abnormality is suspected. Blood work is also commonly done to evaluate hydration, electrolytes, and organ function.

Treating an Intestinal Blockage

Depending on the blockage’s location, size of the foreign body, and the dog’s health, some dogs may pass the object in their stool. However, surgery is required if the object remains lodged, causing an obstruction. Before surgery, the vet may provide IV fluids, pain relief, and anti-nausea medications (e.g., Cerenia® and famotidine). Once stabilized, surgery is performed to remove the blockage. If a foreign object is causing the obstruction, it can usually be removed with an enterotomy (an incision into the intestines). In cases where the intestine has dead tissue or is damaged, a resection (removing part of the intestine) may be necessary.

Recovery and Management

Prompt treatment improves the outcome and reduces complications, such as intestinal rupture, leakage, or peritonitis. After surgery, most dogs stay hospitalized for 1-2 days for IV fluids and pain management. They can typically go home once they start eating and stop vomiting. Full recovery includes 10-14 days of rest and restricted activity. Your vet may recommend a recovery cone or surgical suit to prevent infection and might prescribe a bland or prescription diet like Hill’s® i/d to aid recovery. With proper care, most dogs recover fully, but prevention is key if a foreign object caused the blockage, as future complications are more likely when scar tissue is present.

FAQs

  • Can a dog still poop with a blockage?
    If the blockage is complete, a dog can only pass stool behind the obstruction. A partial blockage may allow stool to pass but often appears as diarrhea, flat, or soft stool. Contact your vet immediately if you suspect a blockage.
  • How long can a dog live with an untreated intestinal blockage?
    A complete blockage can be fatal within 3-4 days without treatment. Surgery is recommended as soon as possible once a blockage is diagnosed.
  • What should I do if my dog has an intestinal blockage?
    Take your dog to the vet immediately if you suspect a blockage. The vet will determine if surgery is necessary.
  • How much does surgery for a dog with an intestinal blockage cost?
    Costs vary significantly depending on location and the dog’s condition, ranging from $800 to $7,000, according to CareCredit.

Here is a great article from AKC to further your reading on intestinal blockages. If you think your dog may be blocked, please give us a call to see your pet immediately at 662-234-3930 or visit our website at Oxford Veterinary Clinic dot com.