Is Your Dog’s Breath Bad? Could Your Dog’s Teeth Be Bad?And Other Dental Issues

Understanding Rotten Teeth in Dogs: Causes, Signs, and Prevention

As a pet owner, you know that your dog’s oral health is a crucial part of their overall well-being. Poor dental health can be painful, making it difficult for your furry friend to eat and leading to problems like bad breath, bleeding gums, and even tooth loss. But when a dog’s teeth start to decay, are cavities to blame? Since cavities are a common issue in humans, it’s natural to wonder if dogs experience the same problem.

Let’s take a closer look at canine tooth decay—what causes it, how to spot it, how to treat it, and what other dental problems might actually be responsible.

Can Dogs Get Cavities?

Tooth decay in dogs happens due to cavities, also known as caries. However, cavities in dogs are quite rare compared to humans. According to expert Veterinarians, fewer than 5% of dogs develop cavities. In contrast, up to 90% of dogs over the age of two suffer from some level of periodontal disease—an inflammatory condition that affects the tissues supporting the teeth.

Why are cavities so uncommon in dogs? The answer lies in their tooth structure and oral chemistry. Unlike human teeth, which have many flat surfaces where food can stick, most of a dog’s teeth are pointed, reducing the likelihood of food particles lingering. Additionally, a dog’s saliva has a slightly basic pH, which helps neutralize acid and slow the formation of cavities.

What Causes Rotten Teeth in Dogs?

Cavities in dogs form through the same process as in humans. Cavities are a microbial disease affecting the tooth’s calcified tissues. The primary factors behind cavity formation include:

• Bacteria: Naturally present in the mouth, bacteria accumulate on the teeth, forming plaque.
• Sugars and Carbohydrates: When a dog consumes sugary foods, the bacteria ferment these carbohydrates, producing acids that erode tooth enamel.
• Plaque Build-Up: Over time, plaque leads to mineral loss from the tooth’s surface, ultimately breaking down the enamel and dentin, allowing bacteria to invade and destroy the tooth.

Signs of Tooth Decay in Dogs

Cavities in dogs appear much like they do in humans. Dr. Soltero-Rivera notes that they often show up as dark spots on the flat surfaces of teeth. When probed, these areas feel sticky, similar to fudge. If left untreated, cavities can weaken the tooth structure and lead to infections inside the tooth (endodontic disease).

Dental Issues That Resemble Tooth Decay

Many dental problems in dogs can mimic the signs of tooth decay, but cavities are rarely the root cause. Some common dental issues mistaken for decay include:

• Loose or Missing Teeth: Often caused by advanced periodontal disease, which leads to tooth detachment.
• Fractured Teeth: Chewing on hard objects like bones can break teeth, leading to structural loss.
• Tartar Buildup: While tartar itself doesn’t cause cavities, it promotes plaque accumulation and gum disease.
• Gingivitis (Inflamed Gums): Red, swollen, or bleeding gums indicate early periodontal disease rather than tooth decay.
• Oral Discomfort: A dog that avoids eating, chewing, or starts drooling excessively may have dental pain, though cavities are rarely the cause.

Regardless of the issue, it’s essential to schedule a veterinary checkup to determine the underlying problem and appropriate treatment.

Treatment for Rotten Teeth in Dogs

The treatment for canine tooth decay depends on how advanced the cavity is. Your vet may need to examine the tooth under anesthesia to assess its severity. There are five stages of tooth decay:

1. Stage 1: Only the enamel is affected.
2. Stage 2: The cavity reaches the dentin layer.
3. Stage 3: The cavity extends into the pulp chamber inside the tooth.
4. Stage 4: The tooth’s crown suffers structural damage.
5. Stage 5: Most of the tooth’s crown is lost, exposing the roots.

For early-stage cavities (Stages 1 and 2), a veterinarian can remove the damaged area and apply a filling. Stage 3 cases may require a root canal, while Stages 4 and 5 typically necessitate tooth extraction.

Preventing Rotten Teeth in Dogs

The best way to prevent tooth decay in dogs is through proactive dental care. Here are a few strategies:

• Limit Sugary Foods: Avoid feeding your dog sweets or carbohydrate-heavy treats.
• Daily Brushing: Use a dog-friendly toothpaste and a toothbrush or finger brush suited to your pet’s size. Gradually introduce the process with positive reinforcement.
• Dental Chews and Diets: The Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) recommends various chew treats and dental diets that help reduce plaque and tartar buildup.
• Regular Vet Checkups: Annual veterinary exams help catch dental issues early. Professional cleanings under anesthesia allow vets to clean beneath the gums, take X-rays, and assess overall oral health.

Final Thoughts

While dogs can develop cavities, they are far less common than other dental issues like periodontal disease. Regular brushing, a proper diet, and routine veterinary care are essential to maintaining your dog’s oral health. If you notice any signs of dental discomfort, bad breath, or tooth loss, consult your vet to determine the best course of action for your furry friend. If You think your pup may have a bad tooth or multiple teeth, please call us at Oxford Veterinary Clinic at 662-234-3930. Here’s another great article from Merck on other dental issues that could be going on with your pup.